Persepolis Lion. Ancient Persian Soldiers. Cyrus Cylinder. Tomb of Cyrus. The Royal Standard of Ur. Detail of the Lion of Marduk. Ancient Roman Legions. Greek Macedonian Infantry Helmet. Alexander the Great Coin. Antiochus IV Epiphanes Bust. The Ancient Parthenon of Athens. The Parthenon Ruins. Antiochus IV Epiphanes Coin. Alexander the Great Bust. The Colosseum. The Arch of Titus. Ancient Roman Milestone. Lion of Marduk.
Ancient Roman Aqueduct. Ancient Roman Eagle. Roman Legion Bricks with Stamp. Roman Legionary Camp. Bust of Titus. Bust of Vespasian. A more probable tradition makes the scene of execution the Vatican hill, where Nero's circus was, and where the persecution took place.
Baronius makes the whole ridge on the right bank of the Tiber one hill, and thus reconciles the two traditions. In the fourth century the remains of Peter were transferred from the Catacombs of San Sebastiano where they are said to have been interred in a.
Peter, which occupied the sight of the present basilica on the Vatican. The fountains, which are said to have sprung up at the spots where Paul's head struck the ground three times after the decapitation, are still shown, as also the pillar to which he is supposed to have been bound! In the fourth century, at the same time that Peter's remains were transferred to the Vatican, Paul's remains are said to have been buried in the Basilica of St. Paul, which occupied the site now marked by the church of San Paolo fuori le mura.
There is nothing improbable in the traditions as to the spot where Paul and Peter met their death. They are as old as the second century; and while they cannot be accepted as indisputably true since there is always a tendency to fix the deathplace of a great man even if it is not known , yet on the other hand if Peter and Paul were martyred in Rome, it is hardly possible that the place of their death and burial could have been forgotten by the Roman church itself within a century and a half.
It was, however, a very early fiction that Paul and Peter together founded the church in that city. The fragments are discussed by Routh, Rel.
It is difficult, to be sure, to dispose of so direct and early a tradition, but it is still more difficult to accept it. The statement that Paul and Peter together planted the Corinthian church is certainly an error, as we know that it was Paul's own church, founded by him alone.
The so-called Cephas party, mentioned in 1 Corinthians 1. It is barely possible, though by no means probable, that Peter visited Corinth on his way to Rome assuming the Roman journey and that thus, although the church had already been founded many years, he became connected in tradition with its early days, and finally with its origination.
But it is more probable that the tradition is wholly in error and arose, as Neander suggests, partly from the mention of Peter in 1 Corinthians 1. It is significant that this tradition is recorded only by a Corinthian, who of course had every inducement to accept such a report, and to repeat it in comparing his own church with the central church of Christendom. We find no mention of the tradition in later writers, so far as I am aware. The kata allows some margin in time and does not necessarily imply the same day.
Dionysius is the first one to connect the deaths of Peter and Paul chronologically, but later it became quite the custom. But Nero could never punish the Jews of Rome: there were thousands of them. The Christians, on the other hand, were an easy target. In the First letter of Clement , we also read about women being tortured as if they were the mythological Danaids or the legendary criminal Dirce 6.
The climax of these cruel shows was the mockery of the crucifixion of Christ: according to a second-century tradition, the Christian leader Peter was crucified upside down. It is a good site to access the works of some ancient authors and to read informed articles on ancient texts, ancient writers and ancient events. Like Claudius, he began to surround himself with freedmen, greedy and arrogant.
A serious and deliberate depreciation of the coinage followed the expensive wars in Britain and Armenia. The hated law of treason maiestas was revived, and was used to decimate the ranks of the senate and aristocracy. In July a. He found it necessary to discover scapegoats, for a dangerous rumor was circulating that Nero himself had put his capital in flames in a spirit of wanton vandalism, and to free space for his own megalomaniac building plans.
He did seize the opportunity afforded by the devastation to begin planning and building his notorious Golden House. The scapegoats, however, were the Christians, whose withdrawal from the close knit framework of pagan society had won them the animosity of the Rom. It was thus that the active persecution of the Christian Church began. It was to remain so, sporadically revived, for almost three centuries.
Rome at large read the portents aright. High and low were menaced by such a person in the imperial position, and a wide conspiracy was concocted in a. It was an ill-ordered plot which was betrayed, and suppressed. It was in a. Sending Mucianus to govern Syria, Nero detached Vespasian from that office and sent him S to suppress the great rebellion.
0コメント